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Document eebus dimming (#927)
Co-authored-by: premultiply <[email protected]>
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‎docs/features/14a-enwg-steuve.mdx‎

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evcc unterstützt zwei Wege für die Anbindung: **Relais** (analog über einen Schaltkontakt) oder **EEBus** (digital über das EEBus-Protokoll).
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## Lastmanagement einrichten
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## Einrichtung
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Für die § 14a EnWG Steuerung muss das [Lastmanagement](./loadmanagement) konfiguriert sein.
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Dabei wird ein spezieller `lpc` (Local Power Control) Stromkreis angelegt, dem alle steuerbaren Verbraucher zugeordnet werden.
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Bei aktivem Reduzierungssignal setzt evcc automatisch ein temporäres Leistungslimit für diesen Stromkreis.
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Die § 14a EnWG Steuerung nutzt das [Lastmanagement](./loadmanagement) von evcc.
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Beim Einrichten von HEMS wird automatisch ein interner `lpc` (Local Power Control) Steuerstromkreis angelegt, dem alle Ladepunkte und sonstigen Verbraucher zugeordnet werden.
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Bei aktivem Reduzierungssignal setzt evcc ein temporäres Leistungslimit für diesen Stromkreis.
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### Minimale Konfiguration
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Eine separate Lastmanagement-Konfiguration ist nicht erforderlich.
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Falls du bereits Lastmanagement nutzt, wird der `lpc` Steuerstromkreis als oberste Ebene über deine bestehenden Stromkreise gesetzt.
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```yaml
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circuits:
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- name: lpc # Local Power Control - Stromkreis für Netzanforderungen
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loadpoints:
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- title: Garage
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charger: charger1
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circuit: lpc # steuerbarer Verbraucher
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- title: Carport
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charger: charger2
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circuit: lpc # steuerbarer Verbraucher
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```
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Alle Ladepunkte, die dem `lpc` Stromkreis oder einem Unterstromkreis zugeordnet sind, werden bei einer Regelanforderung entsprechend reduziert.
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Für erweiterte Konfigurationen mit Unterstromkreisen siehe [Lastmanagement](./loadmanagement).
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:::info Höchste Ebene
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Der `lpc` Stromkreis hat immer die höchste Ebene.
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Definierst du ihn nicht manuell (wie oben), wird er bei konfiguriertem HEMS automatisch erstellt und über dem höchsten Stromkreis eingefügt.
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:::
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:::tip Konfigurationsoberfläche
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Lastmanagement und HEMS können auch über die Konfigurationsoberfläche eingerichtet werden.
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Wichtig: Konfiguriere zuerst das Lastmanagement, bevor du HEMS einrichtest.
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:::tip
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HEMS kann auch über die Konfigurationsoberfläche eingerichtet werden.
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:::
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## Konfiguration via Relais (Analog)
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Wenn ein Regellimit aktiv ist, wird ein **Banner mit Regelhinweis** auf der Hauptseite in evcc angezeigt.
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## Steuerung weiterer Verbraucher
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Neben Ladepunkten können auch weitere steuerbare Verbraucher in das §14a Lastmanagement einbezogen werden.
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Dies betrifft z. B. Wärmepumpen oder Batteriespeicher, die über EEBus angebunden oder als Zähler mit zusätzlichem Relaisausgang konfiguriert sind.
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Die Steuerung berücksichtigt dabei die aktuelle Leistungsaufnahme aller dem internen `lpc` Stromkreis zugeordneten Verbraucher.
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Dazu zählen automatisch alle Ladepunkte und alle Zähler mit entsprechenden Schaltausgängen oder EEBus-Schnittstelle mit LPC Use Case als sonstige Verbraucher.
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Zunächst werden alle sonstigen Verbraucher gedimmt.
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Die verbleibende Leistung wird dann auf die aktiven Ladepunkte verteilt.
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Durch pauschale Dimmung der sonstigen Verbraucher kann die verfügbare Ladeleistung für aktive Ladepunkte in Ausnahmefällen sogar höher sein als im Normalzustand.
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Reicht die Drosselung der Ladepunkte einschließlich der Dimmung aller sonstigen Verbraucher nicht aus, werden Ladevorgänge an Ladepunkten unterbrochen.
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:::note Verfügbarkeit
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Aktuell existiert nur ein dimmbarer Zähler (EEBus Verbraucher).
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Diese Funktion wird weiter ausgebaut und entsprechende Zähler werden in der [Gerätedokumentation](/docs/devices/meters) markiert.
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:::
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## Weiterführende Informationen
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- [Lastmanagement](./loadmanagement) - Grundlagen der Lastverteilung

‎i18n/en/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/features/14a-enwg-steuve.mdx‎

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---
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sidebar_position: 10
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---
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# § 14a EnWG & SteuVE
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:::info Current Development
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The implementation of § 14a EnWG is still being rolled out.
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Control boxes and Smart Meter Gateways are currently being deployed.
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:::
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evcc supports external control of charging points by grid operators in accordance with § 14a EnWG.
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This enables reduced grid fees whilst ensuring grid stability.
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## Background
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§ 14a of the German Energy Industry Act (EnWG) regulates grid-friendly control of controllable consumption devices (SteuVE).
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Grid operators can temporarily reduce the power of large consumers such as wallboxes, heat pumps or battery storage systems in the event of grid overload.
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In return, customers receive reduced grid fees.
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Important points:
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- Affects consumers from 4.2 kW power
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- Control via Smart Meter Gateway and control box
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- Customers benefit from reduced grid fees
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evcc supports two connection methods: **Relay** (analogue via a switch contact) or **EEBus** (digital via the EEBus protocol).
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## Setup
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§ 14a EnWG control uses evcc's [Load Management](./loadmanagement).
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When setting up HEMS, an internal `lpc` (Local Power Control) control circuit is automatically created, to which all charging points and other consumers are assigned.
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When a reduction signal is active, evcc sets a temporary power limit for this circuit.
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No separate load management configuration is required.
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If you already use load management, the `lpc` control circuit will be placed as the highest level above your existing circuits.
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:::tip
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HEMS can also be set up via the configuration interface.
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:::
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## Configuration via Relay (Analogue)
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The analogue connection via a switch contact is the simplest solution.
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The control box activates a contact which is evaluated by evcc.
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### Basic Configuration
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```yaml
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hems:
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type: relay
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maxPower: 8400 # Total power limit when signal is active (in watts)
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limit:
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# Plugin-specific configuration
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```
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### Determining the Power Limit
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The power limit is communicated to you by the grid operator.
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For multiple controllable consumption devices (SteuVE), the simultaneity factor is taken into account.
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You can also calculate the limit yourself using the formula: **Total limit = Number of SteuVE × 4.2 kW × Simultaneity factor**. Details on the calculation can be found [here](https://www.inexogy.com/blog/14a-enwg/).
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### Examples for Different Connections
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import Tabs from "@theme/Tabs";
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import TabItem from "@theme/TabItem";
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<Tabs>
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<TabItem value="gpio" label="Raspberry Pi GPIO">
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When using a Raspberry Pi, the GPIO pin can be read directly:
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```yaml
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hems:
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type: relay
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maxPower: 8400 # Example for 2 SteuVE
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limit:
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source: script
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cmd: gpioget gpiochip0 17 # Read GPIO pin 17
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# Return value: 0 = not limited, 1 = limited
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="mqtt" label="MQTT">
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If the control box or gateway sends MQTT messages:
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```yaml
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hems:
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type: relay
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maxPower: 11340 # Example for 3 SteuVE with simultaneity factor 0.9
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limit:
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source: mqtt
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topic: hems/limit/status
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# Expected values: 0/false = normal, 1/true = limited
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="http" label="HTTP API">
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For control boxes with REST API:
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```yaml
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hems:
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type: relay
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maxPower: 13440 # Example for 4 SteuVE with simultaneity factor 0.8
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limit:
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source: http
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uri: http://steuerbox.local/api/limit
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jq: .limited # JSON path to boolean value
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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## Configuration via EEBus (Digital)
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The digital connection via EEBus is the future-proof and preferred solution.
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The control box communicates directly with evcc via the EEBus protocol and automatically transmits the power limit.
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### Prerequisites
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- evcc installation with EEBus support
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- Control box with EEBus interface
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- Network connection between evcc and control box
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### Step 1: Generate Certificates
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EEBus requires certificates for secure communication. These must be created once.
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Run the following command in the console:
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```bash
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evcc eebus-cert
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```
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This command creates the required certificates and displays the configuration that must be inserted into `evcc.yaml`.
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### Step 2: Basic EEBus Configuration
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Add the EEBus configuration to `evcc.yaml`:
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```yaml
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# Basic EEBus configuration
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eebus:
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certificate:
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public: |
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-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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# Insert public key here
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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private: |
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-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
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# Insert private key here
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-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----
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# Optional: Specify network interface (recommended)
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interfaces:
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- eth0 # or the appropriate interface
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# Optional: Define your own SKI
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shipid: EVCC-1234567890abcdef
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```
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### Step 3: HEMS Configuration
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Configure the HEMS interface for § 14a EnWG:
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```yaml
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hems:
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type: eebus
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ski: "1234-5678-90AB-CDEF" # SKI of the control box
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# You can find the SKI in your control box documentation
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```
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:::note Note
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With EEBus, the power limit is automatically transmitted by the control box.
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:::
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### Step 4: Determine SKI and Pairing
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#### Determine evcc SKI
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After starting evcc, your own SKI is displayed in the logs:
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```bash
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evcc --log debug | grep -i ski
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```
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#### Perform Pairing
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1. **In the control box**: Add evcc as HEMS
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- Enter the SKI of evcc
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- Specify the IP address of evcc
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- Start the pairing process
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2. **In evcc**: Add the control box SKI to the HEMS configuration
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- Enter the control box SKI in the HEMS configuration
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- Restart evcc
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3. **Check connection**:
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```bash
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# Activate trace logging for EEBus
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evcc -l trace eebus
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```
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:::tip Important
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- Certificates only need to be generated once
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- After successful pairing, the configuration must not be changed
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:::
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## How It Works
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### Normal Operation
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In normal operation, evcc charges without power limitation by the HEMS.
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The charging points operate with their normal configuration and are coordinated by additional [Load Management](./loadmanagement) restrictions if applicable.
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### Reduction Signal Active
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When the grid operator sends a reduction signal:
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1. **Relay**: The contact is closed, evcc activates the configured `maxPower` limit
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2. **EEBus**: The control box digitally transmits the calculated total limit
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evcc reduces all charging points assigned to the `lpc` circuit according to the limit.
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If total consumption is too high, charging processes can also be stopped.
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The control affects all modes (Solar, Min+Solar, Fast).
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**Battery control during reduction:**
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If [active battery control](./battery#battery-control) is configured and grid charging of the home battery is active, this is automatically paused.
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The battery is set to "hold" mode so that it neither charges nor discharges.
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After the power reduction ends, grid charging automatically resumes.
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When a control limit is active, a **banner with control notice** is displayed on the main page in evcc.
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## Controlling Additional Consumers
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In addition to charging points, other controllable consumers can also be integrated into § 14a load management.
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This applies e.g. to heat pumps or battery storage systems that are connected via EEBus or configured as meters with an additional relay output.
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The control takes into account the current power consumption of all consumers assigned to the internal `lpc` circuit.
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This automatically includes all charging points and all meters with corresponding switching outputs or EEBus interface with LPC use case as other consumers.
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First, all other consumers are dimmed.
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The remaining power is then distributed to the active charging points.
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Due to flat dimming of other consumers, the available charging power for active charging points can in exceptional cases even be higher than in normal state.
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If throttling the charging points including dimming all other consumers is not sufficient, charging processes at charging points are interrupted.
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:::note Availability
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Currently, only one dimmable meter (EEBus consumer) exists.
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This feature is being expanded and compatible meters will be marked in the [device documentation](/docs/devices/meters).
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:::
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## Further Information
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- [Load Management](./loadmanagement) - Basics of load distribution
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- [Plugins](../devices/plugins) - Advanced plugin configurations

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