@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ pathophysiology:
1313 Exaggerated amygdala response to perceived threats leads to
1414 excessive fear and anxiety. Reduced prefrontal cortex regulation
1515 of amygdala activity.
16+ cell_types :
17+ - preferred_term : Amygdala Pyramidal Neuron
18+ term :
19+ id : CL:4023110
20+ label : amygdala pyramidal neuron
1621 biological_processes :
1722 - preferred_term : Fear Response
1823 term :
@@ -27,6 +32,11 @@ pathophysiology:
2732 description : >
2833 Reduced GABAergic inhibition contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability
2934 and anxiety. Benzodiazepines enhance GABA function.
35+ cell_types :
36+ - preferred_term : GABAergic Interneuron
37+ term :
38+ id : CL:0011005
39+ label : GABAergic interneuron
3040 biological_processes :
3141 - preferred_term : GABAergic Transmission
3242 term :
@@ -49,6 +59,11 @@ pathophysiology:
4959 description : >
5060 Altered serotonin signaling, particularly in raphe-prefrontal
5161 circuits, contributes to anxiety. SSRIs are first-line treatment.
62+ cell_types :
63+ - preferred_term : Serotonergic Neuron
64+ term :
65+ id : CL:0000850
66+ label : serotonergic neuron
5267 biological_processes :
5368 - preferred_term : Serotonin Signaling
5469 term :
@@ -85,6 +100,11 @@ pathophysiology:
85100 description : >
86101 Elevated norepinephrine activity in locus coeruleus contributes
87102 to hyperarousal and somatic symptoms of anxiety.
103+ cell_types :
104+ - preferred_term : Noradrenergic Neuron
105+ term :
106+ id : CL:0008025
107+ label : noradrenergic neuron
88108- name : Oxidative Stress
89109 description : >
90110 Increased oxidative stress markers and reduced antioxidant enzyme
@@ -104,6 +124,15 @@ pathophysiology:
104124 DNA methylation changes in anxiety-related genes, particularly in
105125 monocytes and granulocytes. Methylation sites identified in genes
106126 involved in neurogenesis and fear memory.
127+ cell_types :
128+ - preferred_term : Monocyte
129+ term :
130+ id : CL:0000576
131+ label : monocyte
132+ - preferred_term : Granulocyte
133+ term :
134+ id : CL:0000094
135+ label : granulocyte
107136 evidence :
108137 - reference : PMID:37542162
109138 supports : SUPPORT
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