feat(specs): Introduce comprehensive state tracking objects

[petertdavies]

🗒️ Description

This PR adds two new types for tracking state:

• TxStateTracking: Tracks reads and writes that happened during a transaction.
• BlockStateTracking: Tracks reads and writes that happened during a block.

BlockStateTracking should be convertible into a BAL. Most of the functions of the State object have superseded, it is still used to:

1. Answer queries about the pre-state.
2. Calculate the state root.
3. Communicate state changes back to the caller.

A future PR should be replace it with a suitable interface to do those things.

Note: This PR is an early draft. All pre-Amsterdam forks are broken (need back-porting) and code cleanup is required. EIP-7610 is unimplemented.

Next steps

• Rebase EIP-7928 on this branch and port to use state tracking objects.

✅ Checklist

• All: Ran fast tox checks to avoid unnecessary CI fails, see also Code Standards and Enabling Pre-commit Checks:

  uvx tox -e static

• All: PR title adheres to the repo standard - it will be used as the squash commit message and should start type(scope):.- [ ] All: Set appropriate labels for the changes (only maintainers can apply labels).

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